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Case Report
Online Published: 21 Aug 2022
 


Post-COVID-19 patient with overlapping features between Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (SHLH): A Rare Case Report

Oadi N. Shrateh, Mariam Thalji, Mira Abu Zant, Munia Rajabi, Zeinab Natsheh, Thaer Sweileh, Mohammed Issawi, Amjad Rajab.


Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a potentially life-threatening consequence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection characterized by a hyperinflammatory state, leading to multi-organ damage that often requires hospitalization. Though the precise underlying etiopathogenesis of MIS-C is not completely comprehended, the correlation between MIS-C and COVID-19 infection implies a delayed immune response dysregulation in the post-COVID-19 infection setting. MIS-C patients may have a wide spectrum of manifestations, including fever, elevated inflammatory parameters and signs of end organ damage, myocarditis, cardiac dysfunction, gastrointestinal manifestations, respiratory impairment, acute kidney injury, and/or hematologic, dermatologic and/or neurological involvement. Although MIS-C may overlap with other well-understood hyperinflammatory conditions such as secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (SHLH) in several Clinical features and laboratory findings, striking manifestations, including Gastrointestinal and cardiac ones, make the direction of the diagnostic compass geared more towards MIS-C which are unusual components of the disease process in SHLH. Besides that, MIS-C can be distinguished from SHLH in the amplitude and severity of hyperinflammation, which are more pronounced in SHLH. Because of the overlap, diagnosis of MIS-C requires a high clinical index as prompt recognition and early intervention have favourable prognostic outcomes.
We herein report a 5-year-old male child patient who presented with overlapping features between MIS-C and SHLH in a post-COVID-19 setting.

Key words: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, secondary Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, COVID-19, hyperinflammation


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Shrateh ON, Thalji M, Zant MA, Rajabi M, Natsheh Z, Sweileh T, Issawi M, Rajab A. Post-COVID-19 patient with overlapping features between Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (SHLH): A Rare Case Report. Int J Med Rev Case Rep. 2022; 6(9): 70-74. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.172-1651694019

Web Style

Shrateh ON, Thalji M, Zant MA, Rajabi M, Natsheh Z, Sweileh T, Issawi M, Rajab A. Post-COVID-19 patient with overlapping features between Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (SHLH): A Rare Case Report. https://www.mdpub.net/?mno=31632 [Access: October 13, 2024]. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.172-1651694019

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Shrateh ON, Thalji M, Zant MA, Rajabi M, Natsheh Z, Sweileh T, Issawi M, Rajab A. Post-COVID-19 patient with overlapping features between Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (SHLH): A Rare Case Report. Int J Med Rev Case Rep. 2022; 6(9): 70-74. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.172-1651694019


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Shrateh ON, Thalji M, Zant MA, Rajabi M, Natsheh Z, Sweileh T, Issawi M, Rajab A. Post-COVID-19 patient with overlapping features between Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (SHLH): A Rare Case Report. Int J Med Rev Case Rep. (2022), [cited October 13, 2024]; 6(9): 70-74. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.172-1651694019


Harvard Style

Shrateh, O. N., Thalji, . M., Zant, . M. A., Rajabi, . M., Natsheh, . Z., Sweileh, . T., Issawi, . M. & Rajab, . A. (2022) Post-COVID-19 patient with overlapping features between Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (SHLH): A Rare Case Report. Int J Med Rev Case Rep, 6 (9), 70-74. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.172-1651694019


Turabian Style

Shrateh, Oadi N., Mariam Thalji, Mira Abu Zant, Munia Rajabi, Zeinab Natsheh, Thaer Sweileh, Mohammed Issawi, and Amjad Rajab. 2022. Post-COVID-19 patient with overlapping features between Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (SHLH): A Rare Case Report. International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports, 6 (9), 70-74. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.172-1651694019


Chicago Style

Shrateh, Oadi N., Mariam Thalji, Mira Abu Zant, Munia Rajabi, Zeinab Natsheh, Thaer Sweileh, Mohammed Issawi, and Amjad Rajab. "Post-COVID-19 patient with overlapping features between Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (SHLH): A Rare Case Report." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports 6 (2022), 70-74. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.172-1651694019


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Shrateh, Oadi N., Mariam Thalji, Mira Abu Zant, Munia Rajabi, Zeinab Natsheh, Thaer Sweileh, Mohammed Issawi, and Amjad Rajab. "Post-COVID-19 patient with overlapping features between Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (SHLH): A Rare Case Report." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports 6.9 (2022), 70-74. Print. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.172-1651694019


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Shrateh, O. N., Thalji, . M., Zant, . M. A., Rajabi, . M., Natsheh, . Z., Sweileh, . T., Issawi, . M. & Rajab, . A. (2022) Post-COVID-19 patient with overlapping features between Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (SHLH): A Rare Case Report. International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports, 6 (9), 70-74. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.172-1651694019


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