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Review Article
Online Published: 28 Jan 2020
 


Periapical Surgery. Review. Classic vs Modern Concepts

Bogdan Petrov Krastev, Ivan Filipov.


Abstract
Modern endodontic surgery is microsurgical. The microscope, endoscope, ultrasonic tools, microinstruments allow much less trauma. Flaps reflection is less invasive, ostectomy and osteotomy is much smaller which improves healing and treatment outcome. Root resection is as big as possible and as much as needed to preserve the stability of teeth. Performing surgery without thorough knowledge of new advancements and concepts is below the standard of practice.

Key words: microscope, endoscope, haemostasis, flaps, isthmus


 
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Pubmed Style

Krastev BP, Filipov I. Periapical Surgery. Review. Classic vs Modern Concepts. Int J Med Rev Case Rep. 2019; 3(12): 865-872. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.periapical-surgery

Web Style

Krastev BP, Filipov I. Periapical Surgery. Review. Classic vs Modern Concepts. https://www.mdpub.net/?mno=66969 [Access: March 17, 2025]. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.periapical-surgery

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Krastev BP, Filipov I. Periapical Surgery. Review. Classic vs Modern Concepts. Int J Med Rev Case Rep. 2019; 3(12): 865-872. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.periapical-surgery


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Krastev BP, Filipov I. Periapical Surgery. Review. Classic vs Modern Concepts. Int J Med Rev Case Rep. (2019), [cited March 17, 2025]; 3(12): 865-872. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.periapical-surgery


Harvard Style

Krastev, B. P. & Filipov, . I. (2019) Periapical Surgery. Review. Classic vs Modern Concepts. Int J Med Rev Case Rep, 3 (12), 865-872. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.periapical-surgery


Turabian Style

Krastev, Bogdan Petrov, and Ivan Filipov. 2019. Periapical Surgery. Review. Classic vs Modern Concepts. International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports, 3 (12), 865-872. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.periapical-surgery


Chicago Style

Krastev, Bogdan Petrov, and Ivan Filipov. "Periapical Surgery. Review. Classic vs Modern Concepts." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports 3 (2019), 865-872. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.periapical-surgery


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Krastev, Bogdan Petrov, and Ivan Filipov. "Periapical Surgery. Review. Classic vs Modern Concepts." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports 3.12 (2019), 865-872. Print. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.periapical-surgery


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Krastev, B. P. & Filipov, . I. (2019) Periapical Surgery. Review. Classic vs Modern Concepts. International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports, 3 (12), 865-872. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.periapical-surgery


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