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Case Report
Online Published: 14 Dec 2020
 


Limbic Encephalitis when the immune response is the hidden problem

Maria Amaral, Joana Ferrão, Bruno Duarte, Sofia Pinheiro.


Abstract
Limbic Encephalitis (LE) defined as a rare and frequently underrecognized immunomediated syndrome, presents with a constellation of unspecific behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms, developing over weeks to months. Personality disturbance, complex partial mesotemporal seizures and a subacute severe impairment of short-term memory are the cardinal symptoms, reflecting the involvement of the grand lobe limbique.
The etiology is still poorly understood. Until recently, paraneoplastic etiology was thought to be the most common cause of LE, often preceding the malignancy identification (60%–75%).
In the last decade other associations have been considered, namely infectious or autoimmune diseases. It appears that non-paraneoplastic LE (unassociated with onconeural antibodies) is at least 5 times more frequent than the one where paraneoplastic antibodies are detected, even excluding the cases of paraneoplastic LE that are antibody-negative (40%).
To date, co-occurrence of two possible etiologies of this rare syndrome, in the same patient, has never been reported.

Key words: Limbic Encephalitis, Lupus, Paraneoplastic syndromes, Immune-Mediated, immunosuppression


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Amaral M, Ferrão J, Duarte B, Pinheiro S. Limbic Encephalitis when the immune response is the hidden problem. Int J Med Rev Case Rep. 2020; 4(12): 109-112. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.Limbic-Encephalitis

Web Style

Amaral M, Ferrão J, Duarte B, Pinheiro S. Limbic Encephalitis when the immune response is the hidden problem. https://www.mdpub.net/?mno=8696 [Access: October 13, 2024]. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.Limbic-Encephalitis

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Amaral M, Ferrão J, Duarte B, Pinheiro S. Limbic Encephalitis when the immune response is the hidden problem. Int J Med Rev Case Rep. 2020; 4(12): 109-112. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.Limbic-Encephalitis


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Amaral M, Ferrão J, Duarte B, Pinheiro S. Limbic Encephalitis when the immune response is the hidden problem. Int J Med Rev Case Rep. (2020), [cited October 13, 2024]; 4(12): 109-112. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.Limbic-Encephalitis


Harvard Style

Amaral, M., Ferrão, . J., Duarte, . B. & Pinheiro, . S. (2020) Limbic Encephalitis when the immune response is the hidden problem. Int J Med Rev Case Rep, 4 (12), 109-112. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.Limbic-Encephalitis


Turabian Style

Amaral, Maria, Joana Ferrão, Bruno Duarte, and Sofia Pinheiro. 2020. Limbic Encephalitis when the immune response is the hidden problem. International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports, 4 (12), 109-112. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.Limbic-Encephalitis


Chicago Style

Amaral, Maria, Joana Ferrão, Bruno Duarte, and Sofia Pinheiro. "Limbic Encephalitis when the immune response is the hidden problem." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports 4 (2020), 109-112. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.Limbic-Encephalitis


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Amaral, Maria, Joana Ferrão, Bruno Duarte, and Sofia Pinheiro. "Limbic Encephalitis when the immune response is the hidden problem." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports 4.12 (2020), 109-112. Print. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.Limbic-Encephalitis


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Amaral, M., Ferrão, . J., Duarte, . B. & Pinheiro, . S. (2020) Limbic Encephalitis when the immune response is the hidden problem. International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports, 4 (12), 109-112. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.Limbic-Encephalitis


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