E-ISSN 2534-9821
 

Review Article
Online Published: 22 May 2020
 


Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection

Gabriele Jessica Kembuan, Warren Lie, Andhyka Haryanto Tumimomor.


Cited By: 5

Abstract
The symptoms and progression of viral respiratory infections, such as the novel COVID-19 pandemic, is thought to be highly related to the host immune response. Populations with impaired immune response are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19; on the other hand, amplified immune response manifesting in “cytokine storm” is predicted to lead to adverse outcome. Consumption of immune modulating supplements such as Echinacea purpurea is often advocated to prevent infection, but the exact effects it exerts on immune response and disease outcome is much debated. This review aims to provide an analysis from data of the mechanism of action of this supplement, known immune response against COVID-19, as well as inflammatory and immune pathways already elucidated from similar infections such as SARS and MERS, in hope to gain a better understanding of the host immune responses and the possible outcome of its modulation. This predictive view may help in designing a preventive measures against COVID-19 that can be widely adopted by the general population in the near future.

Key words: COVID-19, immune response, cytokines, echinacea purpurea


 
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This Article Cited By the following articles

The effect of Echinacea spp. on the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 and other respiratory tract infections in humans: A rapid review
Advances in Integrative Medicine 2020; 7(4): 203.

1
 
Medicinal Plants to Strengthen Immunity during a Pandemic
Pharmaceuticals 2020; 13(10): 313.

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Structure-Based Identification of Natural Products as SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Antagonist from Echinacea angustifolia Using Computational Approaches
Viruses 2021; 13(2): 305.

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An Overview of COVID-19 and the Potential Plant Harboured Secondary Metabolites against SARS-CoV-2: A Review
J. Pure Appl. Microbiol. 2021; 15(3): 1059.

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Computational and In Vitro Experimental Investigations Reveal Anti-Viral Activity of Licorice and Glycyrrhizin against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Pharmaceuticals 2021; 14(12): 1216.

5
 
How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Kembuan GJ, Lie W, Tumimomor AH, . Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection. Int J Med Rev Case Rep. 2020; 4(9): 13-17. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.immune-modulating-supplements-Echinacea-genus-covid-19-infection


Web Style

Kembuan GJ, Lie W, Tumimomor AH, . Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection. https://www.mdpub.net/?mno=100230 [Access: October 13, 2024]. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.immune-modulating-supplements-Echinacea-genus-covid-19-infection


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Kembuan GJ, Lie W, Tumimomor AH, . Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection. Int J Med Rev Case Rep. 2020; 4(9): 13-17. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.immune-modulating-supplements-Echinacea-genus-covid-19-infection



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Kembuan GJ, Lie W, Tumimomor AH, . Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection. Int J Med Rev Case Rep. (2020), [cited October 13, 2024]; 4(9): 13-17. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.immune-modulating-supplements-Echinacea-genus-covid-19-infection



Harvard Style

Kembuan, G. J., Lie, W., Tumimomor, A. H. & (2020) Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection. Int J Med Rev Case Rep, 4 (9), 13-17. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.immune-modulating-supplements-Echinacea-genus-covid-19-infection



Turabian Style

Kembuan, Gabriele Jessica, Warren Lie, Andhyka Haryanto Tumimomor, and . 2020. Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection. International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports, 4 (9), 13-17. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.immune-modulating-supplements-Echinacea-genus-covid-19-infection



Chicago Style

Kembuan, Gabriele Jessica, Warren Lie, Andhyka Haryanto Tumimomor, and . "Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports 4 (2020), 13-17. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.immune-modulating-supplements-Echinacea-genus-covid-19-infection



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Kembuan, Gabriele Jessica, Warren Lie, Andhyka Haryanto Tumimomor, and . "Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports 4.9 (2020), 13-17. Print. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.immune-modulating-supplements-Echinacea-genus-covid-19-infection



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Kembuan, G. J., Lie, W., Tumimomor, A. H. & (2020) Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection. International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports, 4 (9), 13-17. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.immune-modulating-supplements-Echinacea-genus-covid-19-infection