Abstract
Background: Ainhum is an uncommon surgical condition and rarer still in children, and is gradually disappearing due to improved socioeconomic condition of the populace. This has consequently led to paucity of literature on the lesion, making it relatively unknown and may be unrecognized by many. This case report describes the clinical features of this relatively uncommon condition occurring in a black African child, in order to facilitate recognition and appropriate management.
Case Summary: The patient was a 6year old child born to a polygamous family, that presented with complains of bilateral progressive pain and swelling in the 5th little toes for about 5months. Attendance to other health facilities including traditional medications has not yielded any improvement. A bilateral constriction at the base of both fifth toes was found on examination. A diagnosis of bilateral Ainhum of the 5th digits was made followed by bilateral amputation at the metatarsophalangeal joint after counseling and due investigations. He had uneventful recovery.
Conclusion: Ainhum may occur in children ultimately leading to mutilation, and amputation being the only viable option of treatment. Socio-demographic factors play an important role in the changing pattern of surgical diseases, more ostensibly in Africa, these needs to be considered in the planning of health services.

Key words: Ainhum, child, treatments